Reprint of: Bio-based design methodologies for products, processes, machine tools and production systems

The paper explores and presents results of an investigation handling design methodologies using the bio-space biological phenomena combined with technical space for development, application products, machine tools, processes manufacturing systems carried out by a multinational team including Fraunhofer CIRP fellows. main approach designing was bio-inspiration. However, links examples implementing bio-integration bio-intelligence were also considered analyzed during investigation. describes systematic procedure starting from requirements applications related to manufacturing, well-known theories experience in engineering, however analyzing applying materials, properties, structures, complete systems. Sustainability aspects immense ever growing capacity ICT digitization possibilities provided new options methodologies. A moveable flexible tool virtually used as demonstrator describe methodology. It proved that ongoing process learning nature phenomena, structures together technologies such Additive Manufacturing (AM) can develop ideas, processes, systems, products benefits performance, productivity, efficiency sustainability. Nature domains be integrated, inspire, implemented or even applied intelligent system procedure.